Women in the field of Science

Yet women absorb go into the law in considerable numbers, and with considerable success. Vivid recount of this has been given by the recent practice of televising trials. Women attorneys are so usual that their mere presence is scarcely noniced any more. Indeed, successful women lawyers in high-profile cases have become media stars, as their staminate counterparts long have done.

Few scientists become media stars, but the call for is that society has globeaged to assimilate the concept of women in law to a degree that it has not assimilated that of women in science. We have learned to birth women lawyers as women, while judging them as lawyers--and young women, perhaps sensing this, do not feel themselves dissuaded from pursuing juristic studies, as their sisters still feel dissuaded from the sciences.

As it happens, these questions are not new. The related arguments over whether science is inherently male (and because "naturally" excludes women) have been going on for several centuries, and it is cost reminding ourselves that it was by no means inevitable that the outcome should have been a set of favorable conventions that by the nineteenth had the motion that "women were effectively barred from the new institutions of science and restricted to the increasingly private sphere of the family" (Schiebinger, 1989, p. 8).

When modern science first emerged, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, wom

The bewilder of natural processes was thus not the machine but the organism, with its compound internal balance. This conception of dynamic balance influenced the Renaissance philosophers' beguiles of the both sexes. It was natural for them to view male and female as complemental; indeed, as halves of one whole.

Thus Paracelsus could write that "A man without a cleaning lady is not whole, only with a woman is he whole" (Keller, 1985, p. 49).

It is not immediately obvious that both one of these arguments is superior to the other, in conception or in evidence. Indeed, it is not clear that the two positions are in grade contention. Women may have been partly excluded from science by its overriding ideology, yet still been able to find some foothold, until their projection was made complete by other social pressures. Or the nature of science may have encouraged those social pressures more strongly. Both views, in short, provide powerful viands for meditation on the relationship of women and science.

In extreme forms, this view could drift toward pantheism, conceiving of God and the Universe as a shed light on of world-organism. Cartesian and Newtonian rationalism, however, broke sharply with this Renaissance outlook, with its undercover overtones. So forcefully was the older tradition rejected that alchemy and astrology (once practiced hand-in-hand with astronomy) were both relegated to outcast carnival status.

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