Country of Tanzania

Economic growth during this flow was confined largely to the small industrial sector, and public expense relied on a steady flow of foreign care (Yeager, 1982, 80). Implementation of the five-year designing did non go as expected, and the crystallize result net result was a widening of the respite between the incomes of urban wage earners and those of smallhold farmers (Kaplan, 1978, 190).

The second Five twelvemonth Plan started with the Arusha Declaration, an the main features of the new approach were to eliminate low-productivity workers in food by transforming their productivity. This would change the factoral terms of tropical treat and raise the prices of the traditional agricultural exports and at the same beat would create an agricultural surplus that would support industrial take for the home market. The new plan followed this logic but silent lacked access to politically accept satisfactory investment capital, and the new plan emphasized wealth-generating industry and labor-intensive agriculture. The country had made a national commitment to socialism and self-reliance, and now the urban fragment stressed import substitution and capital-goods production in a largely nationalized sector. Now eighty-four percent of all industrial investment was to be made by the government, aiming toward a 7 percent total increase in productivity. Agriculture was the decisive element in this second plan, however, and

the first plan had placed an emphasis on mechanise cash-crop production that was now rejected in favor of self-help contributions to increase cash- and food-crop yields. The second plan was less optimistic than the first and rank an annual growth rate of only 6.5 percent, but in fact the GDP increased at an average annual rate of only 4.8 percent between 1969 and 1974 (Yeager, 1982, 80-81).

The pursuit of a more market-oriented economy in Africa, however, is no guarantee of success, either. Chad is a country under military rule that has not pursued a socialist course, but neither has this country been able to overcome a base of poverty and underdevelopment. Chad today has unmatchable of the least developed industrial sectors of any country in Africa, and manufacturing accounted for only 15 percent of GDP in 1987, related almost entirely to cotton and food processing. Chad does have whatsoever oil deposits and important deposits of uranium, wolfram, cassiterite, iron ore, and bauxite, but the nation has not been very successful at exploiting these. In 1985 at a meeting in Geneva, a group of donors pledged $450 billion toward Chad's 1986-1990 development plan. The objectives of the new plan were to resume oil production, shift food production (especially of poultry and cattle), improve the major roads and the secondary roads, and restore essential services. One of the reasons why Chad has been unavailing to improve its economy any more than this is the c
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